Portrait photography is one of the earliest uses of the camera, especially in a studio setting. Among the earliest-paid jobs for photographers were mug shots, which were studio portraits. Mug shots as portrait photography did not really happen in the “studio”, but they were staged so they can still be classified as a studio portrait.

The size and weight of earlier cameras were restrictive so basically all the earlier photographs were, in fact, “studio portraits” whether the setting was on the sidewalk, in an office, at home, or actually at the photographic studio.

Defining Studio Portraits

Definitions are important in any discussion. The word “studio” is rigidly defined by Oxford Languages Online Dictionary as “a room where an artist, photographer, sculptor, etc. works.” On its face value that is true, but times have changed, and the word “studio” can be more broadly defined especially for the photographer to include any number of spaces. So, it is better to define “studio” in terms of the photographic portrait as a “controlled environment.”

An example of shooting in the studio.

The mug shot portrait photographer of the 1800s was in a controlled environment whether at the police station or jail., so there is no doubt at all that these pictures of which there are thousands are, in fact, studio portraits. If the accused were photographed while committing the crime, then they could be classified as “street portraits.” In the digital age of instant photography, these could not be considered portraits at all. Today’s photographic process allows for capturing “action” in a photograph.  The camera equipment and film in the 1800s could not capture action except in a blur or in the hands of an enlightened expert-studied photographer.

Defining Studio Portrait vs Street Portraits

How can the “studio” portrait be defined as opposed to the “street” portrait? The studio portrait is photographed where the photographer has control of the environment. In a “studio setting”,  the photographer controls the warmth, color, and texture of the lighting. On the set, or a “street portrait,” the photographer must have the skills to compensate for the lighting. The street portrait requires the photographer to frame and focus on the spot. Unlike in a studio where a portrait photograph can be planned, the street portrait requires a knowledgeable skilled photographer.

Taking pictures on the streets

Now we have a defined difference between the Studio Portrait vs. the Street Portrait. It is the difference between a controlled environment and a spontaneous one. The photographer plans the Studio Portrait, everything is determined before the shutter clicks. Lighting, aperture, background, foreground, angle, and focus are all predetermined by the controlled environment of the studio.

Professional Studio and Street  Portraits Can be Equalized

The studied professional portrait photographer can plan a studio portrait and adjust to the spontaneity of a street portrait. Every photograph including studio and street portraits is equalized by the knowledge of the photographer.

Street portrait of Lene Lovich photographed by Michael Grecco

Street portrait of Martha Davis (The Motels) photographed by Michael Grecco

Studio portrait of David Crosby photographed by Michael Grecco

Studio portrait of Shawna Christensen photographed by Michael Grecco

As a celebrity photographer, Michael Grecco has taken studio and street portraits of actors, musicians, sports figures, politicians, people, and events in the news for over fifty years. At this stage of his career, he possesses an intrinsic understanding of capturing photographs. Michael shares his knowledge for those interested in portrait photography in his book, The Art of Portrait Photography: Creative Lighting Techniques and Strategies. Understanding the use of lighting is crucial to capturing illuminating portraits of any genre, studio, street, and even action.